21 down
Growth
of
bird
has
head
increase
by
a
factor
of
20
(7)
Growth of bird has head increase by a factor of 20 (7)
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The definition is at the beginning of the clue.
How the clue works
The definition is Growth. The wordplay starts with VULTURE (a bird). We're told the head (first letter) increases by a factor of 20 — the first letter is V, which represents 5 in Roman numerals, and 5 × 20 = 100, which is C in Roman numerals. So the V at the head of VULTURE is replaced by C, giving us CULTURE.